International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
type: channel
description: International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE), p-ISSN 2252-8792, e-ISSN 2722-2624 focuses on the applied works in the areas of power generation, transmission, and distribution, sustainable energy, applications of power control in large power systems, etc. The main objective of IJAPE is to bring out the latest practices in research in the above-mentioned areas for efficient and cost-effective operations of power systems and electrical energy sources. The journal covers, but is not limited to, the following scope: electric power generation, transmission and distribution, utilization of electric power, energy conversion, electrical machinery, sustainable energy, insulation, solar energy, high-power semiconductors, power quality, power economic, FACTS, renewable energy, electromagnetic compatibility, electrical engineering materials, high voltage insulation technologies, high voltage apparatuses, lightning, protection system, power system analysis, SCADA, electrical measurements, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. The journal is published by the Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama (IPMU) in collaboration with Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). Beginning with issue 1 of volume 10 (2021), the IJAPE will be published as a three-monthly journal (4 issues/year). We are happy to announce that the International Journal of Applied Power Engineering has been accepted for inclusion in Scopus, the world's largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, and got Q2 in the journal ranking by ScimagoJR.
publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
language: en-US
publication name: International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
issn: 2252-8792
items: Evaluation of sensorless VF-MRAS and FOC-MRAS of IM electrical drive system
items: Design and analysis of two switch DC-DC converters for E-vehicle applications
items: Potential as biogas energy and organic fertilizer: a mixture of rice husks and cow dung on full scale anaerobic digestion
items: Boost efficiency performance through the enhancement of duty cycle based MPPT algorithm
items: Model predictive control based frequency regulation of microgrid with integration of distributed energy resources
items: Optimum control and design of a small hydro power plant for agriculture investment in Iraqi desert
items: AI-driven solutions for Li-ion battery performance and prediction
items: Parallel operation of transformers to optimize a 33 KV loop of power system
items: Mitigating mismatch power losses in photovoltaic systems under partial shading: a comparative study of series-parallel and alternative configurations
items: Battery cycle life and throughput optimization in wireless communication system with energy harvesting capability
items: Minimizing the switching losses in the SiC MOSFET by using buried oxide
items: Single photovoltaic panel constant regulated voltage based on modified DC-DC buck-boost converter topology
items: Effect of DC link capacitor short-circuit on an inverter fed induction motor performance
items: Performance comparison of core loss in induction motor using non-oriented electrical steels
items: Study of the development of tandem solar cells to achieve higher efficiencies
items: Implementing fuzzy control for a DC-DC boost converter using FPGA
items: Implementation of fuzzy in DQ control of PV based inverter with plug-in electric vehicles
items: Investigation of DC-AC converter control techniques with enhanced MOSFET gate driver
items: Comparative analysis of MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems: classical, fuzzy logic, and sliding mode approaches
items: Enhanced multi-mode control of Z-source virtual synchronous generator for photovoltaic systems using fuzzy logic controller
items: Design of a binary weighted multilevel voltage source inverter for renewable energy purposes
items: Gated dilated causal convolution-based encoder-decoder network for IoT intrusion detection
items: Fractional order PID controlled hybrid Cuk converter for electric vehicle
items: The application potential of net zero energy building using rooftop photovoltaics case study of apartments in Gorontalo Province
items: ANFIS and PI based performance analysis of three phase three wire distribution system for THD reduction
items: OFF-grid efficiency evaluation of an inverter dependent on solar PV generator in Iraq

Evaluation of sensorless VF-MRAS and FOC-MRAS of IM electrical drive system
type: item
description: This paper evaluates the performance of sensorless vector and scalar control methods, namely field-oriented control-based model reference adaptive system (FOC-MRAS) and voltage frequency-based model reference adaptive system (VF-MRAS), applied to an induction motor (IM) driven by a space vector modulation inverter. In motorized systems, conventional control methods use mechanical sensors, which can be cumbersome and costly. To overcome these limitations, sensorless control techniques based on speed estimation have been introduced. In this paper, MRAS-based sensorless speed control for IM drives using rotor flux is used. This adaptive system uses a reference model based on rotor flux and implements closed-loop control. The estimated speed derived from the current and voltage models is compared to the desired speed and adjusted by the proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The performances of the approaches are evaluated in terms of speed regulation and minimization of electromagnetic torque and rotor flux ripples, through a comparative analysis of sensor and sensorless controls under various operating conditions, including variable loads and speed reversal. The simulation results obtained, using consistent criteria for both methods, confirm the effectiveness of sensorless control.
creator: Moustapha Diop
creator: Abdoulaye Kebe
creator: Ibrahima Gueye
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Moustapha Diop, Abdoulaye Kebe, Ibrahima Gueye http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 513
ending page: 521
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp513-521

Design and analysis of two switch DC-DC converters for E-vehicle applications
type: item
description: A non-isolated DC-DC converter topology is proposed in this paper, which is distinguished by its superior performance and reduced component count in comparison to conventional converter designs. The suggested architecture is especially appropriate for applications demanding a large voltage step-up since it achieves an improved voltage conversion ratio and excellent efficiency. The addition of a voltage-boosting element, which is an inductor combined in series with a switching device, to the source side of a conventional boost converter is a unique feature of the suggested converter. To confirm the converter's operating features, a thorough theoretical analysis has been carried out, including stability and steady-state evaluations. In addition, a hardware prototype with a 200 V output and 100 W power rating was created in order to test the converter's functionality. With a peak efficiency of 94.3%, the prototype showed good agreement with analytical forecasts. The suggested converter is a viable option for renewable energy applications because of its high voltage gain, small size, and efficiency. This is especially true for solar systems and other distributed energy sources, where low component counts and high step-up ratios are preferred.
creator: Jayanthi Kathiresan
creator: Gnanavadivel Jothimani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jayanthi Kathiresan, Gnanavadivel Jothimani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 522
ending page: 532
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp522-532

Potential as biogas energy and organic fertilizer: a mixture of rice husks and cow dung on full scale anaerobic digestion
type: item
description: Rice husk is a biomass that can potentially be converted into biogas energy. In this research, a study was carried out regarding the effect of alkaline pretreatment and then a study related to the potential for developing biogas from rice husks in Indonesia and a study related to the potential utilization of biogas by-products in the form of slurry as solid organic fertilizer. So, the main objective is to determine the effect of alkaline pretreatment of rice husks on the potential development of rice husks as raw material for biogas production on a full-scale anaerobic digestion (AD). Research related to the effect of alkaline pretreatment using 3% NaOH by immersion in the substrate for 24 hours was carried out on a lab scale. The variable TS is set at 27%, C/N ratio is 35, uses a 2-liter digester, and measurements are carried out every other day for 60 days. Furthermore, the up-scale was carried out with an AD fixed dome model with a volume of 6 m3. In this study, it was found that pre-treatment with 3% NaOH increased biogas productivity by 1.6 times higher. The potential for rice husk to be converted into biogas energy can reach 3.5 million liters of biogas by 2022. The by-product of biogas in the form of slurry also has the potential to be used as solid organic fertilizer directly. Parameter tests that have been carried out show that the slurry in biogas from rice husks that have gone through a 60-day AD fermentation process complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7763:2018 concerning solid organic fertilizers.
creator: Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin
creator: Syafrudin Syafrudin
creator: Suherman Suherman
creator: Budiyono Budiyono
creator: Iqbal Syaichurrozi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin, Syafrudin, Suherman, Budiyono, Iqbal Syaichurrozi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 533
ending page: 540
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp533-540

Boost efficiency performance through the enhancement of duty cycle based MPPT algorithm
type: item
description: The use of direct power control (DPC) has become popular as an effective control strategy for pulse width modulated (PWM) converters. The incremental conductance algorithm (INC) is utilized to control the duty cycle (D) in tracking the optimal point to increase power efficiency in wind energy conversion systems (WECS). WECS parameters are adjusted to achieve unity power factor, allowing the system to extract maximum power (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥) from WECS. Simulation results show that wind speed has a significant impact on the captured power, with a proportional relationship between wind speed and power. Control strategies are employed to optimize the (D) to reach the desired operating point. A DC-DC boost converter is connected to WECS, where the (D) controls the MOSFET to maintain 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 at the optimal level on the DC link. Various wind speed profiles are simulated in this study to evaluate system efficiency, especially under conditions of rapid wind speed fluctuations. The controller based on (D) demonstrates superior tracking performance through the DC link, ensuring that 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 remains at an optimal level.
creator: Ahmed Badawi
creator: I. M. Elzein
creator: Walid Alqaisi
creator: Al Hareth Zyoud
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Badawi, I. M. Elzein, Walid Alqaisi, Al Hareth Zyoud http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 541
ending page: 550
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp541-550

Model predictive control based frequency regulation of microgrid with integration of distributed energy resources
type: item
description: Power generation sector has become more prevalent in the use of renewable energy sources resulting in more complex and non-linear network. Microgrids are becoming the best alternative solution in remote areas where the distribution network is infeasible. However, the intermittent nature of distributed renewable energy resources can result in a generation and demand mismatch instigating frequency variation which is a crucial concern. Thus, modern power system requires increasing intelligence and flexibility to cope up with the generation-load mismatch. Efficient control techniques are of vital importance in maintaining the frequency near the nominal value, and the selection of the controller is crucial in maintaining the reliable, effective, and steady functioning of the power system. The present study demonstrates frequency control in islanded microgrid with disruptions in load demand using the model predictive control by efficiently managing the energy storage with integration of large-scale renewable energy sources. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model predictive controller (MPC) is presented by comparing its performance with proportional integral controller and proportional integral tuned with adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) through simulations in MATLAB environment.
creator: Sarbjeet Kaur
creator: Surbhi Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sarbjeet Kaur, Surbhi Gupta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 551
ending page: 559
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp551-559

Optimum control and design of a small hydro power plant for agriculture investment in Iraqi desert
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to conduct a mathematical and physical analysis to get a systematic treatment of design parameters and thus optimize water wheels. By today's standards, one finds empirical formulas instead, which take into account the practical experience of previous constructions, estimates of particular wheelbase shapes and sizes. So, based on the basic design and optimization standards for water wheels implementation, this paper attempts to design a water wheel power source in desert areas. Since the water wheels mainly use the gravitational force of water, there is only a slight hydrodynamic power losses. In addition to the high torque due to the large inertia of the water wheel. The obtained results indicate that the optimum operating range of the trailing water wheels is at a diameter of (2-7 m) and the Q water flow of about (0.1 m3/s). So, it can conclude that the implementing design has good efficiency and offer an economic benefit when use for the agriculture investment in desert areas.
creator: Jamal Ahmed Hameed
creator: Thamir Hassan Atyia
creator: Saba Fadhil Ahmed Jaf
creator: Zubaidah Ghaze Abdulkareem
creator: Ghanim Thiab Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jamal Ahmed Hameed, Thamir Hassan Atyia, Saba Fadhil Ahmed Jaf, Zubaidah Ghaze Abdulkareem, Ghanim Thiab Hasan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 560
ending page: 568
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp560-568

AI-driven solutions for Li-ion battery performance and prediction
type: item
description: Batteries serve as crucial power sources for essential portable devices like electric vehicles, smartphones, and laptops. The widespread adoption of Li-ion batteries, while beneficial, has unfortunately led to a surge in adverse incidents. The sudden failure of batteries in both industrial and lightweight applications poses significant economic risks across various industries. Consequently, researchers are intensifying their focus on enhancing battery state estimation, management systems, and predicting remaining useful life (RUL). This paper is structured into three main sections. Firstly, it delves into the acquisition of battery data, encompassing both commercially available and freely accessible Li-ion battery datasets. Secondly, the exploration extends to techniques for estimating battery states through advanced battery management systems. The paper investigates battery RUL estimation, categorizing and evaluating diverse prognostic methods applied to Li-ion batteries based on crucial performance parameters. The review includes scrutiny of commercially and publicly available datasets for various battery models and conditions, considering different battery states and the role of advanced battery management system (BMS). In the final section, the paper concludes with a comparative analysis of Li-ion battery RUL prediction, incorporating exploration into various RUL prediction algorithms, and mathematical models, and introducing an AI-based cloud monitoring system.
creator: Sthitprajna Mishra
creator: Chinmoy Kumar Panigrahi
creator: Subhra Debdas
creator: Atri Bandyopadhyay
creator: Srikanth Velpula
creator: Amit Kumar Sahoo
creator: Pabitra Kumar Tripathy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sthitprajna Mishra, Chinmoy Kumar Panigrahi, Subhra Debdas, Atri Bandyopadhyay, Srikanth Velpula, Amit Kumar Sahoo, Pabitra Kumar Tripathy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 569
ending page: 578
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp569-578

Parallel operation of transformers to optimize a 33 KV loop of power system
type: item
description: This research investigates the viability of a perpetually scalable generation system to accommodate the anticipated growth in domestic load demands on the 33 kV loop network over the period from 2025 to 2040. This is achieved by analysis current situation of network through the voltages, loading lines, and transformers, within the permissible loading limits of the system. In this context, it is assumed that the loop is supplied by an ideal infinite power source. A numerical model utilizing the Gauss-Seidel (GS) method is developed and executed within the PSS/E simulator. The current operational state of the network will be simulated, with a focus on analyzing the voltage profile, which is expected to remain within the range of 0.095 to 1.05 per unit (p.u.). Demand forecasts are based on industrial growth projections for the cities interconnected with the 33 kV loop. The simulation results will demonstrate the feasibility of increasing active power transmission while maintaining effective control over reactive power by the year 2040. Furthermore, solutions will be proposed to address the identified critical path issues. To meet the projected demand, these solutions will involve doubling the capacity of the existing transformers. The proposed system will mitigate load imbalances and stabilize voltage fluctuations by effectively managing rapid variations in reactive power demand. As a result, it improves power quality for industrial consumers.
creator: Ethmane Isselem Arbih Mahmoud
creator: Ahmed Abbou
creator: Abdel Kader Mahmoud
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ethmane Isselem Arbih Mahmoud, Ahmed Abbou, Abdel Kader Mahmoud http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 579
ending page: 587
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp579-587

Mitigating mismatch power losses in photovoltaic systems under partial shading: a comparative study of series-parallel and alternative configurations
type: item
description: Utilizing the photovoltaic effect, photovoltaic (PV) systems are a popular technique for capturing solar energy and turning sunlight into electricity. However, environmental factors, especially shade, significantly impact photovoltaic system efficiency. Shadows cast on PV panels by surrounding structures, trees, accumulated dirt, clouds, and debris can seriously impair their performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate how shade affects photovoltaic systems utilized in residential settings. Series-parallel (SP) topology for PV system have been investigated. Additionally, in this work, a PV system of 5 kW of the residence home has been proposed and multi cases of shading examined. Through the results obtained when partial shading was applied, it was found that the highest efficiency of the system was when partial shading irradiance (Ir = 500 W/m2) was applied to one column (5 modules) as 82.84%, while the worst and least equipped case was when the shading was applied to the corners and random shading at (8 modules), where the efficiency decreased to approximately 39.24% and 40.64% respectively.
creator: Raghad Adeeb Othman
creator: Omar Sharaf Al-Deen Yehya Al-Yozbaky
creator: Ali Abbawi Mohammed Alabbawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Raghad Adeeb Othman, Omar Sharaf Al-Deen Yehya Al-Yozbaky, Ali Abbawi Mohammed Alabbawi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 588
ending page: 599
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp588-599

Battery cycle life and throughput optimization in wireless communication system with energy harvesting capability
type: item
description: This research paper proposes a novel approach to address the energy challenges faced by internet of things (IoT) devices. The wireless communication system involves a transmitter equipped with energy harvesting module that charges both a rechargeable battery and a capacitor through an energy storage management system (ESMS). This ESMS is based on a reinforcement learning algorithm to dynamically switch between the battery and the capacitor, ensuring efficient power utilization. This reinforcement learning algorithm enables the device to learn and adapt its energy consumption patterns based on environmental conditions and usage, optimizing energy usage over time. Additionally, the system employs a rainflow counting method to estimate the state-of-health (SoH) of the battery, ensuring its longevity and overall system performance. By combining these approaches, the proposed system aims to significantly improve the energy efficiency and lifespan of IoT devices, as well as the amount of data sent for different temperature ranges, ultimately enhancing their cost-effectiveness and performance.
creator: Omar Enassiri
creator: Youssef Rochdi
creator: Ouadoudi Zytoune
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Omar Enassiri, Youssef Rochdi, Ouadoudi Zytoune http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 600
ending page: 612
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp600-612

Minimizing the switching losses in the SiC MOSFET by using buried oxide
type: item
description: For optimizing the efficiency of the power switching devices, it is important to reduce the switching power losses. One method to minimize the switching power losses is to reduce the gate drain charge (QGD). In this paper, a 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET device with a buried oxide has been proposed to minimize QGD. The proposed design has been conducted by using the TCAD simulation program. The on-resistance (Ron,sp), QGD have been measured and analyzed based on the width and thickness of the buried oxide layer and compared with the measurement of traditional SiC MOSFET. The obtained results indicate that the QGD of 1.2 kV SiC MOSFET with buried oxide with WBO of 0.25 μm and TBO of 0.3 μm was reduced to about 31.3% which mean a minimize of power losses. The comparison results indicate that the proposed device with a buried oxide layer can be effectively used as an optimum solution for minimizing the power switching losses.
creator: Ali Hlal Mutlaq
creator: Sura Hamad Faraj
creator: Majeed Rashid Zaidan
creator: Ghanim Thiab Hasan
creator: Ahmed Saad Names
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Hlal Mutlaq, Sura Hamad Faraj, Majeed Rashid Zaidan, Ghanim Thiab Hasan, Ahmed Saad Names http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 613
ending page: 619
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp613-619

Single photovoltaic panel constant regulated voltage based on modified DC-DC buck-boost converter topology
type: item
description: This research proposes a single photovoltaic panel constant regulated voltage based on novel topology. A modified DC-DC buck-boost converter was chosen because characteristics of voltage boost and low input current ripple. A comprehensive analysis of the proposed converter cells was elaborated in this study. Furthermore, a control technique is designed for the proposed converter. A double-loop control method using proportional integral (PI) is employed in this research. The outer loop controls the output voltage, while the inner loop is used to control the inductor current. By employing double-loop control, the presence of ripple current and voltage can be reduced even further. Simulation and experimental results validate the converter’s effectiveness, demonstrating stable voltage output under varying input voltage (33-36 V) and load conditions, maintaining a 40 V output with an overshoot within ±5%. The results show that the modified buck-boost converter can achieve improved efficiency and ripple reduction compared to conventional models, making it a viable solution for renewable energy systems.
creator: Ro’ad Baladi Al Komar
creator: Arwindra Rizqiawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ro’ad Baladi Al Komar, Arwindra Rizqiawan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 620
ending page: 630
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp620-630

Effect of DC link capacitor short-circuit on an inverter fed induction motor performance
type: item
description: Induction motors are widely used in industrial power plants because of their durability, reliability and high performance under different operating conditions of the electrical system. It is also important to note that most of these motors are controlled by variable frequency drives. By adjusting the drive parameters, the motor can be managed according to design. The reliability of motor control systems based on variable speed drives is therefore crucial for industrial applications. Unlike induction motors, the power supply components of these electrical machines are delicate and susceptible to faults. To enhance the performance of the control-motor system, it is essential for researchers to understand how faults affect the drive system as a whole. In this context, this paper addresses short-circuit faults in the intermediate circuit capacitor of an induction motor driven by an inverter. The simulation results of these capacitors faults are presented, and their impact on the behavior of the rectifier, the inverter, and the induction motor is analyzed and interpreted.
creator: Cheikh Oudaa
creator: Ethmane Isselem Arbih Mahmoud
creator: Mohamed Amine Khelif
creator: Ahmed Mohamed Yahya
creator: Bendiabdellah Azeddine
creator: Abdel Kader Mahmoud
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cheikh Oudaa, Ethmane Isselem Arbih Mahmoud, Mohamed Amine Khelif, Ahmed Mohamed Yahya, Bendiabdellah Azeddine, Abdel Kader Mahmoud http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 631
ending page: 639
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp631-639

Performance comparison of core loss in induction motor using non-oriented electrical steels
type: item
description: Induction motor (IM) enjoy certain advantages that include simple design, robust construction, reliable operation, low initial cost, easy operation and simple maintenance besides offering reasonable efficiency. Modelling and definition of procedures leading to good estimation of core losses in induction motors from material test data is still a challenge, is considered as problem statement. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the core loss in an induction motor (IM) by analyzing a selection of non-grain oriented electrical steel materials and then identifying for each represented whether it can be used both as stator and rotor core material. As core loss is influenced by factors such as air gap, B-H theory, eddy currents and excess loss coefficients and Steinmetzuhl factor, this study is intended to improve the electromagnetic performance of the motor. Influencing core loss are the amounts of flux density and elasticity of material. This study was accomplished by using three sorts of non oriented electrical steel: DI MAX-M15, DI MAX-M19, and DI MAX-M36. A 5 HP induction motor was the subject for finite element method (FEM) simulations whose results have been verified by empirical relations, which show the merit of using non oriented electrical steel as core material.
creator: Chittimilla Shravan Kumar Reddy
creator: Ezhilarasi Arivukkannu
creator: Kartigeyan Jayaraman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chittimilla Shravan Kumar Reddy, Ezhilarasi Arivukkannu, Kartigeyan Jayaraman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 640
ending page: 646
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp640-646

Study of the development of tandem solar cells to achieve higher efficiencies
type: item
description: Tandem solar cells are the brand-new age revolution within the photovoltaic (PV) enterprise thanks to their higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) capability as compared to single-junction solar cells, which are presently dominating, however intrinsically restrained. With the appearance of steel halide perovskite absorber substances, manufacturing extremely efficient tandem solar cells at an inexpensive price can profoundly regulate the future PV landscape. It has been formerly seen that tandem solar cells primarily based on perovskite have confirmed that they can convert mild more efficiently than stand-alone sub-cells. To reap PCEs of greater than 30%, numerous hurdles have to be addressed, and our understanding of this interesting era has to be accelerated. On this, a technique of aggregate of substances was followed and via a modified numerical technique, it was decided what preference of substances for the pinnacle and bottom sub-cell consequences in a better fee of electricity conversion efficiency (PCE). Through this study, it was discovered that the use of germanium telluride (GeTe) backside subcellular together with perovskite (MAPbI3-xClx) as pinnacle subcell can offer an excessive performance of 46.64% compared to a tandem mobile with perovskite (MAPbI3)/CIGS and perovskite (MAPbI3)/GeTe which produce decrease efficiencies. SCAPS-1D was used to evaluate and simulate the overall performance of the developed tandem cells.
creator: Debani Prasad Mishra
creator: Jayanta Kumar Sahu
creator: Umamani Subudhi
creator: Arun Kumar Sahoo
creator: Surender Reddy Salkuti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Debani Prasad Mishra, Jayanta Kumar Sahu, Umamani Subudhi, Arun Kumar Sahoo, Surender Reddy Salkuti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 647
ending page: 655
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp647-655

Implementing fuzzy control for a DC-DC boost converter using FPGA
type: item
description: This research explores the use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to mitigate static voltage errors and reduce voltage spikes in DC-DC boost converters. Given the dynamic nature of the load impedance in these converters, FPGA is well-suited for designing systems with adaptive behavior. The study implements a fuzzy control algorithm on FPGA in a simulation environment with a small sampling period. The parallel processing capability of FPGA enables the simultaneous execution of fuzzy control algorithms, enhancing the system's responsiveness to rapid changes in load conditions. This approach minimizes voltage overshoot and effectively suppresses voltage spikes. By leveraging FPGA’s high-speed parallelism and flexibility, the research demonstrates significant improvements in the dynamic performance of the DC-DC boost converter. The results highlight FPGA’s potential as a robust platform for controlling power electronic systems, ensuring improved stability and efficiency under varying load conditions.
creator: V. Radhika
creator: Karuppannan Srinivasan
creator: R. Kiruba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 V. Radhika, Karuppannan Srinivasan, R. Kiruba http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 656
ending page: 665
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp656-665

Implementation of fuzzy in DQ control of PV based inverter with plug-in electric vehicles
type: item
description: In modern power systems, photovoltaic (PV) generation plays a vital role in sustainable energy supply. PV systems generate DC power, which is converted to AC using built-in converters for grid integration. The quality of power injected into the grid is crucial, especially in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and non-linear loads, which introduce harmonics and dynamic disturbances. To enhance power quality, advanced control strategies are employed. This paper presents a comparative study of direct-quadrature (DQ) control techniques using traditional proportional-integral (PI) controllers and fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) in a grid-connected PV system. The DQ control method simplifies the regulation of active and reactive power by transforming three-phase signals into a rotating reference frame. While PI controllers are widely used, they often struggle with non-linearities and load variations. FLCs, on the other hand, offer adaptive control without requiring precise mathematical models, making them more effective under dynamic conditions. The system under study includes PV generation, PEVs, and non linear loads. Performance metrics such as total harmonic distortion (THD), voltage stability, and power factor are analyzed. Results show that fuzzy controllers significantly improve power quality and system response.
creator: Hanumesh Hanumesh
creator: Arul Ponnusamy
creator: Dhamodharan Selvaraj
creator: Tanuja Koppa Shankaregowda
creator: Venugopal Narasimhachar
creator: Ananda Marilingappa Halasiddappa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hanumesh, Arul Ponnusamy, Dhamodharan Selvaraj, Tanuja Koppa Shankaregowda, Venugopal Narasimhachar, Ananda Marilingappa Halasiddappa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 666
ending page: 675
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp666-675

Investigation of DC-AC converter control techniques with enhanced MOSFET gate driver
type: item
description: To promote the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems and reduce costs, it is crucial to develop innovative approaches for grid integration, thereby contributing to global power generation. This article presents the development of an integrated power circuit using the TOSHIBA-TLP350 as a gate driver for the implementation of a single-phase H-bridge inverter, combined with inductor–capacitor–inductor (LCL) filters. This circuit was designed and controlled using a high-frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generated by an ATmega328P microcontroller board, with a predefined program, to facilitate the filtration and reduction of both current and voltage harmonics present at the output of the filters. The study primarily focuses on a grid-connected mode of operation but also demonstrates adaptability to the islanded mode. The proposed application in this article can be adapted to other renewable energy conversion systems. The effectiveness of this achievement is demonstrated through detailed experimental results, highlighting the potential benefits for cost reduction and performance improvement of photovoltaic systems.
creator: Elmourabit Bouazza
creator: Akaaboune Jalil
creator: Oulaaross Mohamed
creator: Benchagra Mohamed
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 Elmourabit Bouazza, Akaaboune Jalil, Oulaaross Mohamed, Benchagra Mohamed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 676
ending page: 687
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp676-687

Comparative analysis of MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems: classical, fuzzy logic, and sliding mode approaches
type: item
description: This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies for photovoltaic systems, focusing on the classical perturb and observe (P&O) method, an artificial intelligence based fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and a robust sliding mode control (SMC) technique. These methods aim to maximize power output by dynamically adapting to rapid and unpredictable environmental variations, such as changes in solar irradiance. Simulations performed the MATLAB/Simulink environment under diverse real-world scenarios demonstrate that SMC and FLC outperform the conventional P&O approach, particularly under conditions of sudden and severe environmental in fluctuations. The findings highlight the advanced controllers’ ability to sustain optimal power extraction, minimize energy losses, and maintain system stability across varying operating conditions. These results underscore the potential of SMC-based MPPT systems to enhance the efficiency and resilience of renewable energy applications, making them highly viable for deployment in real-world scenarios characterized by volatile environmental conditions.
creator: Mohamed El hafydy
creator: Mohamed Benydir
creator: Elmahni Lahoussine
creator: Elmoutawakil Alaoui My Rachid
creator: Youssef Oubail
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamed El hafydy, Mohamed Benydir, Elmahni Lahoussine, Elmoutawakil Alaoui My Rachid, Youssef Oubail http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 688
ending page: 700
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp688-700

Enhanced multi-mode control of Z-source virtual synchronous generator for photovoltaic systems using fuzzy logic controller
type: item
description: An enhanced multi-mode control solution for a Z-source virtual synchronous generator (ZVSG) that makes use of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed by this study for use in photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a potential grid integration option for PV systems, the ZVSG has great potential due to its steady and adjustable power production. A stable voltage and frequency output can be maintained by the ZVSG when it is running in a variety of modes, such as grid-connected, standalone, and islanding, according to the control approach that has been provided. The FLC is used for the purpose of controlling the switching frequency of the ZVSG as well as the DC-link voltage. The performance of the ZVSG is improved by the FLC-based control approach that has been proposed. This technique reduces the steady state error and offers a rapid dynamic response. The results of the simulation show that the recommendation for a control approach improves the performance of the ZVSG across a wide variety of operating modes and load conditions.
creator: Vempalle Rafi
creator: Pradyumna Kumar Dhal
creator: Shaik Hussain Vali
creator: Sadhu Radha Krishna
creator: Uppuluri Suryavalli
creator: S. Vinoth John Prakash
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Vempalle Rafi, Pradyumna Kumar Dhal, Shaik Hussain Vali, Sadhu Radha Krishna, Uppuluri Suryavalli, S. Vinoth John Prakash http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 701
ending page: 711
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp701-711

Design of a binary weighted multilevel voltage source inverter for renewable energy purposes
type: item
description: The flexibility and linearity of renewable energy generation techniques motivate the efforts to find high-performance circuitries capable of integrating the generation stations of renewable energy with the utility grid. As a result of its potential for power modules exploited in new generations of semiconductor switching devices, the voltage source inverter (VSI) has become widespread in the applications of renewable energy systems. In this paper, a new configuration of multilevel VSI is introduced. It is constructed of a unidirectional voltage supply having 15-nonzero levels and feeding a single-phase VSI equipped with an extra-freewheeling circuit. The output voltage of this configuration has 31 different voltage levels following a sinusoidal path. The unidirectional voltage supply is built of eight solid-state switching devices and four binary weighted DC voltage sources, which are realized by using appropriate solar panels. The simulation results of the introduced configuration have revealed almost sinusoidal output voltage and current for both inductive and resistive appliances. The number of employed switching devices is largely reduced compared to a conventional multilevel VSI. No harmonic reduction circuit or traditional pulse width modulation technique is employed in the current design. This system is designed and tested on PSpice.
creator: Abdulkareem Mokif Obais
creator: Ali Abdulkareem Mukheef
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdulkareem Mokif Obais, Ali Abdulkareem Mukheef http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 712
ending page: 721
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp712-721

Gated dilated causal convolution-based encoder-decoder network for IoT intrusion detection
type: item
description: The internet of things (IoT) is perhaps the greatest modern development, as it affects our daily lives and is rapidly expanding in its application zones. The IoT is used in everyday activities, so security is more crucial because intrusion detection will introduce and eliminate attacks. In this paper, a novel deep learning based intrusion detection technique (DEBIT) has been proposed that detects the intrusion using deep learning techniques efficiently. Initially, the data from IoT user is preprocessed and classified using the novel gated dilated casual convolution based encoder-decoder (GDCC-ED) method, which classifies the data into attack and non-attack. The proposed DEBIT framework has been assessed using a MATLAB simulator. The performance of the proposed DEBIT framework has been assessed based on specific parameters, including recall, detection rate, accuracy, F1 score, and precision. Based on experimental results, the suggested method is 99.5% more accurate than pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO), Res-TranBiLSTM, and blockchain-based African buffalo (BbAB), which are 85.4%, 92.5%, and 85%, respectively.
creator: Aarthi Gopalakrishnan
creator: Sharon Priya Surendran
creator: Aisha Banu Wahab
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aarthi Gopalakrishnan, Sharon Priya Surendran, Aisha Banu Wahab http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 722
ending page: 732
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp722-732

Fractional order PID controlled hybrid Cuk converter for electric vehicle
type: item
description: Choosing the right controller with the right approach is one of any power converter's biggest concerns. In order to optimise induction heating, a hybrid Cuk converter with a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is built. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled closed-loop hybrid DC-DC converter (CDHC) system. In order to improve the interface between the resonant inverter and DC source and to step up voltage with less output ripple, Cuk converters are used. The research project is concerned with modelling and simulating a hybrid closed-loop DC converter system. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled CDHC system. The suggested approach offers advantages such as high-power density and buck boost capability. After being inverted, the Cuk converter's output is applied to a DC load. The time responses of the closed loop proportional integral (PI) and FOPID controlled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) systems are compared. The hardware is implemented and tested for the CDHC system for electric vehicles. The results indicate that the FOPID controlled CDHC system has enhanced time response and benefits such as high-power density buck boost ability.
creator: Nallamilli P. G. Bhavani
creator: S. Dinakar Raj
creator: K. Sujatha
creator: N. Navaprakash
creator: D. Ezhilarasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nallamilli P. G. Bhavani, S. Dinakar Raj, K. Sujatha, N. Navaprakash, D. Ezhilarasan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 733
ending page: 742
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp733-742

The application potential of net zero energy building using rooftop photovoltaics case study of apartments in Gorontalo Province
type: item
description: Gorontalo Province is one of the developing regions in Indonesia. The province has been actively building apartments since 2009. The construction increases population density and energy use intensity. Consequently, demand for electricity power rises. Renewable energy such as rooftop photovoltaics has the potential as a power source for the apartments, considering the abundant solar radiation in Gorontalo which is located near the equator line. Three apartments representing three levels of the inhabitant’s income are selected as study case for the application of photovoltaic (PV) on roof to achive net zero energy building. Simulation of PV energy to power the buildings is conducted using photovoltaic geographical information system (PVGIS). By utilizing monthly electrical bill data, it is found that PV on roof is sufficient to cover the building energy demand and achieve net zero energy building (NZEB). However, there is uncertainty of the fluctuation of energy demand due to the tenant’s energy consumption behaviour. The consumption intensity is limited only by the installed power on each apartment unit. PV on roof alone is unable to provide the need if it is employed to power the unit to the maximum extent.
creator: Abdi Gunawan Djafar
creator: Niniek Pratiwi
creator: Yasin Mohamad
creator: Zhiqiang John Zhai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abdi Gunawan Djafar, Niniek Pratiwi, Yasin Mohamad, Zhiqiang John Zhai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 743
ending page: 751
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp743-751

ANFIS and PI based performance analysis of three phase three wire distribution system for THD reduction
type: item
description: Due to the rising usage of nonlinear loads and power electronic devices in businesses, one of the key power system concerns today is inadequacy of power quality (PQ). This article presents compensation of current harmonics in distribution system in source side by using adaptive neuro fuzzy inferences system (ANFIS) controller. DSTATCOM optimized proportional integral (PI) controller and ANFIS regulator are utilized for DC link voltage regulation. The ANFIS controller showed better performance compared to PI controller during compensating harmonics time. This paper compared two control schemes results PI and ANFIS. Three-phase three-wire inverter is used for DSTATCOM circuit. In the results compared DC capacitor voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) values of source current. The THD with PI controller is 7.92% while by using ANFIS controller it is reduced to 2.76%. The concert of proposed method is analyzed with MATLAB/Simulink software.
creator: Khammampati R. Sreejyothi
creator: J. Jayakumar
creator: P. Venkatesh Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Khammampati R. Sreejyothi, J. Jayakumar, P. Venkatesh Kumar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 752
ending page: 760
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp752-760

OFF-grid efficiency evaluation of an inverter dependent on solar PV generator in Iraq
type: item
description: The solar photovoltaic (PV) inverter weighted efficiency is more precise and favorable as it mainly deems the inverter output power properties when exposed to disparate solar PV irradiance. The European metrical efficiency (𝜂𝐸𝑈𝑅𝑂), presently, is the bulk broadly admissible in inverter efficiency calculation. This is due to, historically, the European countries have been the biggest exporters and spent of solar PV inverters everywhere in the world. The European efficiency (𝜂𝐸𝑈𝑅𝑂) is a concluded metric relying on a standardized European irradiance profile. However, the rendition weightings embedded in this metric may not be fully representative or appropriate for photovoltaic inverters deployed in regions characterized by different climatic conditions, particularly in equatorial and subtropical environments. Accordingly, this study aims to validate the proposed assumption and develop a novel metrical efficiency equation for inverters operating in the Iraqi climate, specifically Baghdad city, relying on the IEC 61683:1999 criterion and the inverter load-duration curve. The proposed formula, validated with field data from an SMA-SB-4000-TL inverter, estimated the energy outcome of a 5.0 kW off-grid SPV system in Baghdad with a 2% deviation from measured values. These results validate the use of η_EURO tailored to Baghdad conditions as a reliable alternative to 𝜂𝐸𝑈𝑅𝑂 or 𝜂𝑀𝐴𝑋. This enhances the accuracy of system energy yield estimation, investment return calculations, and payback period assessment for solar PV systems.
creator: Bilal Abdullah Nasir
creator: Kutaiba Khalaf Khaleel
creator: Mohammed Ahmed Khalaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bilal Abdullah Nasir, Kutaiba Khalaf Khaleel, Mohammed Ahmed Khalaf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
volume: 14
number: 3
starting page: 761
ending page: 768
doi: 10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp761-768