Effect of power and voltage variations on transformer core losses and geometry for two distinct core materials

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive comparison of transformer core size and no-load losses, focusing on transformers with power ratings ranging from 400 kVA to 3200 kVA. The research evaluates transformer performance at three distinct primary voltage levels: 6 kV, 15 kV, and 33 kV, while maintaining a constant secondary voltage of 0.4 kV. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of two commonly used transformer core materials, M4 and H0, on core design, with a particular focus on their effects on no-load losses. Another central aspect of the analysis is the examination of core geometry, including the cross-sectional area and height of the transformer core, across various power ratings and voltage levels. The results reveal a clear relationship between core size and energy efficiency. M4 cores exhibit higher no-load losses compared to H0 cores; additionally, H0 cores demonstrate better overall efficiency, making them ideal for high-efficiency applications. The findings underscore the importance of selecting the right core materials and geometries to balance performance, efficiency, and size. These insights are intended to guide researchers and transformer designers in making informed decisions when developing energy-efficient solutions for diverse applications across the electrical power industry.