Design and build charging system tools in hybrid power plants with pico-hydro turbine cross flow and solar panels using buck boost converter based on PID controller

Abstract

Indonesia itself has a potential for water energy of up to 75,091 MW, spread across the country, but its utilization has only reached around 7.2%. In addition, Indonesia's location in the equatorial region provides it with an average of 8-10 hours of solar radiation per day, with a potential solar energy output of 4.80 kWh/m2/day. However, utilizing two or more new and renewable energy sources poses challenges for synchronising sources from different plants. For this reason, the methodology of this research is to design a charging system for a hybrid power plant, a wind turbine, an air crossflow, and a 50 Wp solar panel on a battery using a non-inverting buck-boost converter, with Arduino Mega2560 as the control logic centre.
The PID control parameters were determined through trial and error, with Kp = 0.8, Ki = 0.04, and Kd = 0.002. The voltage is set to 14.4 V, and the hybrid system maintains a stable voltage at 14.263 V with an average error of 1.243%. The system can charge the battery optimally. It is recorded that it takes 3 hours to charge the battery.