Improved microgrid energy coordination via hybrid PSO and bidirectional EV integration: performance comparison against genetic algorithm

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study between hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) for energy management in residential microgrids equipped with photovoltaic generation, stationary battery storage, and bidirectional electric vehicles (V2G). The system comprises 40 apartments, 1000 m² solar panels, 1 MWh battery storage, and 15 electric vehicles with V2G capability. A multi-objective optimization framework minimizes daily operational costs while satisfying mobility requirements, state-of-charge constraints, and battery aging considerations. Simulation results demonstrate that hybrid PSO significantly outperforms GA, achieving a net daily profit of 279 C (compared to 100 C cost for GA) through strategic energy arbitrage and massive grid sales (2232 kWh/day vs 3.7 kWh/day for GA). The PSO-based approach achieves 28% energy autonomy while generating substantial revenue from feed-in tariffs. The methodology provides a scalable framework for real-world V2G-integrated microgrids, with ongoing experimental validation at the ESTACA V2G testbed.