Intelligent gear shifting in electric and hybrid vehicles: a CAN controller-based approach using SOC%

Abstract

The intelligent management of gear shifting in electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs and HEVs) is essential for optimizing energy efficiency, improving fuel economy, and enhancing driving comfort. Traditional gear shifting strategies, which are designed for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, do not fully accommodate the unique dynamics of electric and hybrid powertrains. This paper proposes a novel approach for gear shifting in EVs and HEVs, integrating the state of charge (SOC%) of the battery as a critical input for decision-making. The proposed algorithm utilizes real-time data from the vehicle's controller area network (CAN), enabling seamless communication between the transmission control unit, battery management system, and powertrain control module. The algorithm adjusts gear shifting based on SOC%, vehicle speed, engine RPM, and throttle position, ensuring optimal use of the electric motor and internal combustion engine. At high SOC%, the algorithm prioritizes electric motor use to conserve fuel and extend battery life, while at lower SOC%, it switches to relying more on the combustion engine. The proposed method optimizes energy usage, enhances fuel efficiency, and prolongs battery life by adapting the shifting strategy to varying driving conditions.